The Acadian Flycatcher: A Shady Character

You’ve probably never noticed the Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens).  This small Neotropical songbird arrives in the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed during mid-May to breed in the dense shade of mature forests, often along steep slopes adjacent to a brook or creek.  It’s quick, sneezy song—“pit-see” or “wee-seet”—heard emanating from the shadows of the woodland understory is often the first and only sign of their presence.

Acadian Flycatcher
Of the five species of similar-looking Empidonax flycatchers that regularly occur in our region, the Acadian is the only one to nest in the forest interior.  These insectivores shy away from edge habitat and clearings that disturb the closed canopy of mature trees.

One of the more fascinating  habits of the Acadian Flycatcher is their selection of a nesting location.  While many species try to conceal their nests in tree cavities, dense foliage, or some other form of cover, this clever songbird constructs a cup using tiny twigs and leaves and places it near the end of a small branch on a small tree.  The nest is sometimes very easily seen, but for climbing scroungers looking to plunder eggs or helpless young birds, it’s practically out of reach.

Acadian Flycatcher on Nest
A female Acadian Flycatcher on its nest incubating eggs.
Acadian Flycatcher Nest
The white arrow points to the Acadian Flycatcher nest seen in the previous image. The dark-colored limb appears close, but this nest is perched precariously close to the end of a leafy branch and is hanging free and clear above the stream.  When leaving the nest, the young birds that are destined to survive must avoid a tumble into the waterway.

To guard against airborne threats, Acadian Flycatcher parents are vigilant defenders of the space around their nest.

Carolina Chickadee
When this curious juvenile Carolina Chickadee wandered into the flycatcher’s nest tree…
Acadian Flycatcher
…mom came out fighting!  It may be an overreaction, but nesting birds often have a zero-tolerance policy for invaders within their “zone”.

Moments later, things settle down and the waiting continues…

Back on the nest, mom, the eggs, and eventually the young will spend the next several weeks riding the wind atop this flimsy branch in their shady forest home.