Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines

WELCOME TO

BETTER KNOWN AS…

UNCLE TYLER’S COLLECTION of LEAVES

from

Native and Naturalized Trees

and

Selected Woody Vines and Shrubs

of the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed

NATIONAL WETLAND PLANT LIST INDICATOR RATING DEFINITIONS

- - OBL (Obligate Wetland Plants)—Almost always occur in wetlands.
  - FACW (Facultative Wetland Plants)—Usually occur in wetlands, but may occur in non-wetlands.
  - FAC (Facultative Wetland Plants)—Occur in wetlands and non-wetlands.
  - FACU (Facultative Upland Plants)—Usually occur in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands.
  - UPL (Upland Plants)—Almost never occur in wetlands.

SMILACACEAE

Catbrier Family

Common Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), a woody vine also known as Catbrier. — Common Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), a NATIVE woody vine also known as Catbrier. FACU

LAURACEAE

Laurel Family

Common Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) — Common Spicebush (Lindera benzoin), a NATIVE shrub. FACW

Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) — Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), a NATIVE tree. FACU

Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) — Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), a NATIVE tree. FACU

Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) — Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), a NATIVE tree. View showing leaf shape variations. FACU

MAGNOLIACEAE

Magnolia Family

Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), also known as Tuliptree. — Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), a large NATIVE tree also known as Tuliptree. FACU

Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), also known as Tuliptree. — Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), a large NATIVE tree also known as Tuliptree. FACU

ANNONACEAE

Custard-apple Family

Paw-paw (Asimina triloba) — Common Paw-paw (Asimina triloba), a NATIVE shrub or small tree. FACU

BERBERIDACEAE

Barberry Family

Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) — Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii), a NON-NATIVE shrub. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Japan.

PLATANACEAE

Planetree Family

Eastern Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) — Eastern Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), a large NATIVE tree. FACW

Eastern Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) — Eastern Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), a large NATIVE tree. FACW

HAMAMELIDACEAE

Witch-hazel Family

Witch Alder (Fothergilla gardenii) A native transplant from the coastal plain. — Coastal Witch-alder (Fothergilla gardenii), a NATIVE TRANSPLANT shrub from the coastal plain.

ALTINGIACEAE

Sweetgum Family

American Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) A naturalized native transplant from the coastal plain. — American Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large naturalized NATIVE TRANSPLANT tree from the coastal plain. FAC

American Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) — American Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large naturalized NATIVE TRANSPLANT tree from the coastal plain. FAC

ITEACEAE

Sweetspire Family

Virginia Willow (Itea virginica) — Virginia Willow (Itea virginica), a NATIVE shrub also known as Virginia Sweetspire or Tasselwhite. OBL

VITACEAE

Grape Family

Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a woody vine. — Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a NATIVE woody vine also known as Woodbine. FACU

Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a woody vine. — Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a NATIVE woody vine also known as Woodbine. FACU

Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a woody vine. — Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a NATIVE woody vine also known as Woodbine. FACU

Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a woody vine. — Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a NATIVE woody vine also known as Woodbine. FACU

Frost Grape (Vitis riparia) — Frost Grape (Vitis riparia), a NATIVE woody vine also known as Riverbank Grape. FACW

Frost Grape (Vitis riparia), a woody vine also known as Riverbank Grape. — Frost Grape (Vitis riparia), a NATIVE woody vine also known as Riverbank Grape. FACW

Frost Grape (Vitis riparia), a woody vine also known as Riverbank Grape. — Frost Grape (Vitis riparia), a NATIVE woody vine also known as Riverbank Grape. FACW

CELASTRACEAE

Staff-tree Family

Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus) — Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus) a NON-NATIVE shrub also known as Winged Euonymus. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Japan and China.

Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) — Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), a NON-NATIVE woody vine also known as Asiatic Bittersweet. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Japan and China. UPL

SALICACEAE

Willow Family

Bigtooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata) — Bigtooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata), a NATIVE tree. FACU

Black Willow (Salix nigra) — Black Willow (Salix nigra), a NATIVE tree. FACW

FABACEAE

Pea Family

Redbud (Cercis canadensis) — Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis), a small NATIVE tree also known as Judas Tree. FACU

Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) — Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), a NATIVE tree. FACU

FAGACEAE

Beech Family

American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) — American Beech (Fagus grandifolia), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

White Oak (Quercus alba) — White Oak (Quercus alba), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

White Oak (Quercus alba) — White Oak (Quercus alba), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor) — Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor), a large NATIVE tree also known as Swamp Oak. FACW

English Oak (Quercus robur), a large NON-NATIVE tree. — English Oak (Quercus robur), a large NON-NATIVE tree. A rare escape from cultivation, native to Europe.

Chestnut Oak (Quercus montana) — Chestnut Oak (Quercus montana), a large NATIVE tree. UPL

Chestnut Oak (Quercus montana) — Chestnut Oak (Quercus montana), a large NATIVE tree. UPL

Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea) — Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea), a large NATIVE tree.

Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea) — Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea), a large NATIVE tree.

Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) — Pin Oak (Quercus palustris), a large NATIVE tree. FACW

Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) — Pin Oak (Quercus palustris), a large NATIVE tree. FACW

Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) — Pin Oak (Quercus palustris), a large NATIVE tree. FACW

Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) — Pin Oak (Quercus palustris), a large NATIVE tree. FACW

Willow Oak (Quercus phellos) — Willow Oak (Quercus phellos), a large NATIVE tree. FAC

Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) — Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) — Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) — Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia), also known as Scrub Oak and Holly-leaf Oak. — Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia), a NATIVE shrub also known as Scrub Oak or Holly-leaf Oak.

Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia), also known as Scrub Oak and Holly-leaf Oak. — Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia), a NATIVE shrub also known as Scrub Oak or Holly-leaf Oak.

Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia) — Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia), a NATIVE shrub also known as Scrub Oak or Holly-leaf Oak.

Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia), closeup view showing a holly-like spine at the end of each lobe. — Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia), a NATIVE shrub also known as Scrub Oak or Holly-leaf Oak. A closeup view showing a holly-like spine at the end of each lobe.

Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia) — Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia), a NATIVE shrub also known as Scrub Oak or Holly-leaf Oak. A closeup view showing pubescence (whitish hairs) on twig and underside of leaves.

Black Oak (Quercus velutina) — Black Oak (Quercus velutina), a large NATIVE tree. UPL

Black Oak (Quercus velutina) — Black Oak (Quercus velutina), a large NATIVE tree. UPL

Black Oak (Quercus velutina) — Black Oak (Quercus velutina), a large NATIVE tree. UPL

JUGLANDACEAE

Walnut Family

Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis) — Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) — Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) — Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa) — Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa), a large NATIVE tree.

Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa) — Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa), a large NATIVE tree.

Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) — Black Walnut (Juglans nigra), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

BETULACEAE

Birch Family

Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa), a NON-NATIVE shrub or tree also known as European Alder. — Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa), a NON-NATIVE shrub or tree also known as European Alder. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Eurasia. Leaves from a shrub form specimen. FACW

Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa), a NON-NATIVE shrub or tree also known as European Alder. — Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa), a NON-NATIVE shrub or tree also known as European Alder. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Eurasia. Leaves from a tree form specimen. FACW

Smooth Alder (Alnus serrulata), a NATIVE shrub. — Smooth Alder (Alnus serrulata), a NATIVE shrub. OBL

Sweet Birch (Betula lenta), also known as Black Birch. — Sweet Birch (Betula lenta), a large NATIVE tree also known as Black Birch. FACU

River Birch (Betula nigra) — River Birch (Betula nigra), a large NATIVE tree. FACW

ROSACEAE

Rose Family

Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora) — Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora), a NON-NATIVE shrub. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Asia. FACU

Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) — Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), a large NATIVE tree also known as Wild Black Cherry. Included is a ventral view of a leaf (bottom center). FACU

Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), dorsal view showing a fringe of light brown hairs along the midrib. — Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), a large NATIVE tree also known as Wild Black Cherry. Closeup ventral (underside) view showing the fringe of light brown hairs along the basal section of the midrib. FACU

Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) — Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), a large NATIVE tree also known as Wild Black Cherry. FACU

Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) — Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium), a NON-NATIVE tree also known as Wild Cherry. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Eurasia.

Black Chokeberry (Photinia melanocarpa) — Black Chokeberry (Photinia melanocarpa), a NATIVE shrub also known by the genus and common name Aronia. FAC

Washington Hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum) — Washington Hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum), a NATIVE tree. FAC

Smooth Shadbush (Amelanchier laevis) — Smooth Shadbush (Amelanchier laevis), a NATIVE shrub or small tree also known as Smooth Serviceberry, Allegheny Serviceberry, or Smooth Juneberry.

Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana) — Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana), a NON-NATIVE tree also known as the “Bradford Pear”, the name of a cultivar extensively planted as a street and landscape tree. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to China.

ELAEAGNACEAE

Oleaster Family

Silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata), a shrub. a native transplant from central North America. — Silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata), a naturalized NATIVE TRANSPLANT shrub from central North America. Top row second from left showing silvery underside.

Silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata), a shrub. — Silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata), a naturalized NATIVE TRANSPLANT shrub from central North America. Closeup view showing silvery scales on both the ventral (left) and dorsal (right) surfaces of the leaves.

Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), a shrub. — Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), a NON-NATIVE shrub. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Asia. Top row center showing the silvery scales which are limited to the ventral side of the leaves.

ULMACEAE

Elm Family

Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra) — Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra), a large NATIVE tree also known as Red Elm. FAC

CANNABACEAE

Hemp Family

Northern Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) — Northern Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

MORACEAE

Mulberry Family

White Mulberry (Morus alba) — White Mulberry (Morus alba), a NON-NATIVE shrub or small tree. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Asia. UPL

Red Mulberry (Morus rubra) — Red Mulberry (Morus rubra), a NATIVE tree. FACU

MALVACEAE

Mallow Family

Basswood (Tilia americana) — American Basswood (Tilia americana), a large NATIVE tree. FACU

SIMAROUBACEAE

Quassia Family

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) — Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima), a large NON-NATIVE tree. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Asia.

ANACARDIACEAE

Cashew Family

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), a woody vine. — Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), a NATIVE woody vine. FAC

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), a woody vine. — Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), a NATIVE woody vine. FAC

Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina) — Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina), a NATIVE shrub or small tree.

Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina) — Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina), a NATIVE shrub or small tree.

SAPINDACEAE

Soapberry Family

Box Elder (Acer negundo) — Box Elder (Acer negundo), a NATIVE tree also known as Ashleaf Maple. FAC

Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) — Norway Maple (Acer platanoides), a large NON-NATIVE tree. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Europe. UPL

Red Maple (Acer rubrum) — Red Maple (Acer rubrum), a large NATIVE tree. FACW

Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) — Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum), a large NATIVE tree. View to the right showing the silvery tint to the ventral leaf surface. FACW

Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) — Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum), a large NATIVE tree. View to the right showing the silvery tint to the ventral leaf surface. FACW

Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) — Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), a large NATIVE tree also known as Rock Maple. FACU

CORNACEAE

Dogwood Family

Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum), a shrub. — Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum), a NATIVE shrub. FACW

Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum), a shrub. — Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum), a NATIVE shrub. FACW

Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) — Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida), a small NATIVE tree. FACU

CLETHRACEAE

Clethra Family

Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), a shrub. — Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), a NATIVE shrub. FAC

ERICACEAE

Heath Family

Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) — Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), a NATIVE shrub. FACW

OLEACEAE

Olive Family

Common Privet (Ligustrum vulgare) — Common Privet (Ligustrum vulgare), a semievergreen NON-NATIVE shrub. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Europe. FACU

Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) — Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), a large NATIVE tree also known as Red Ash. FACW

BIGNONIACEAE

Trumpet-creeper Family

Southern Catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides) — Southern Catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides), a widely naturalized NATIVE TRANSPLANT tree from the lower Mississippi River valley. Also known as Indian Bean. UPL

Southern Catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides) — Southern Catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides), a widely naturalized NATIVE TRANSPLANT tree from the lower Mississippi River valley. Also known as Indian Bean. UPL

Trumpet Creeper (Campsis radicans), a woody vine also known as Trumpet Vine. — Trumpet Creeper (Campsis radicans), a NATIVE woody vine also known as Trumpet Vine. FAC

AQUIFOLIACEAE

Holly Family

Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) — Common Winterberry (Ilex verticillata), a NATIVE shrub also known as Black Alder. FACW

ADOXACEAE

Muskroot Family

Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum) — Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum), a NATIVE shrub. FAC

Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum), a shrub. — Southern Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum), a NATIVE shrub. FAC

Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago), a shrub also known as sheepberry. — Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago), a NATIVE shrub also known as sheepberry. FAC

Highbush Cranberry (Viburnum trilobum) — Highbush Cranberry (Viburnum opulus), a shrub. FACW

American Elder (Sambucus canadensis), a shrub also known as Common Elderberry. — American Elder (Sambucus canadensis), a NATIVE shrub also known as Common Elderberry. FACW

American Elder (Sambucus canadensis), a shrub. — American Elder (Sambucus canadensis), a NATIVE shrub also known as Common Elderberry. FACW

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Honeysuckle Family

Coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus), a shrub also known as Indian Currant. — Coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus), a NATIVE shrub also known as Indian Currant. UPL

Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), a semievergreen woody vine. — Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), a semievergreen NON-NATIVE woody vine. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Asia. FAC

Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), a semievergreen woody vine. — Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), a semievergreen NON-NATIVE woody vine. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Asia. FAC

Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii), a shrub. — Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii), a NON-NATIVE shrub. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Asia.

Morrow's Honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii), a shrub. — Morrow’s Honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii), a NON-NATIVE shrub. A naturalized escape from cultivation, native to Japan and Korea. FACU

"Bell's Honeysuckle" (Lonicera x bella), a hybrid shrub derived from Morrow's Honeysuckle (L. morrowii) and Tatarian Honeysuckle (L. tatarica). — Pretty Honeysuckle (Lonicera x bella), a NON-NATIVE hybrid shrub derived from Morrow’s Honeysuckle (L. morrowii) and Tatarian Honeysuckle (L. tatarica) of central Eurasia. A naturalized escape from cultivation. This hybrid will backcross with the parent species, so expect great variation in naturalized populations. Also known as Bell’s Honeysuckle.

SOURCES

Lichvar, Robert W., Norman C. Melvin, Mary L. Butterwick, and William N. Kirchner. 2012. National Wetland Plant List Indicator Rating Definitions. ERDC/CRREL TN-12-1. Wetland Regulatory Assistance Program. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Washington, DC.

Petrides, George A. 1986. A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York, NY.

Petrides, George A. 1988. A Field Guide to Eastern Trees. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York, NY.

Rhoads, Ann Fowler and Timothy A. Block. 2007. The Plants of Pennsylvania. University of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia, PA.