A Natural History of Conewago Falls—The Waters of Three Mile Island
Cicadas
CICADAS
of the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed
Classified using traditional taxonomic ranks.
Domain-Eukaryota
Kingdom-Animalia
Phylum-Arthropoda
Class-Insecta
Order-Hemiptera
Family-Cicadidae
“Annual Cicadas”
Species with life cycles ranging from 2 to 5 years duration.
Each summer, usually beginning in July, a portion of the nymphs from a population of each species of annual cicada found in a given area emerge from their subterranean habitations among the tree roots. They’ve been there, feeding on small quantities of xylem sap, for the preceding 2 to 5 years. The larvae immediately ascend tree trunks or other sturdy surfaces, climb out of their translucent skin called an exuvia, dry their wings, and take flight.
A teneral (soft-bodied) adult Eastern Scissor Grinder (Neotibicen winnemanna) and its exuvia hours after emergence. Blood surging into the wings has expanded them for flight while flow throughout the remainder of the body has darkened this cicada’s dorsal color from pale green to a mix of dark greens, browns, and black.
About a week after emerging, adult male cicadas reach full maturity and begin flexing their drum-like organs called tymbals (located just posterior of the wing roots) to generate the sounds that will attract potential mates. To help direct these vocalizations toward a suitable partner, each cicada species has its own unique song.
After breeding, females insert the fertilized eggs into a 2 to 3-inch slit they make using their ovipositor to slice into a 3/16 to 1/2-inch diameter tree branch. Upon hatching, the larvae start chewing their way out of the twig, then tumble to the ground, whereupon they disappear into the soil and commence feeding upon xylem sap as the latest generation of cicada nymphs maturing in a secretive underground hideout.
“Annual Cicadas” of the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed
6 Species
*The first four are included in the “green Neotibicen species” subgroup.
*Neotibicen canicularis—(Dog-day Cicada)
*Neotibicen linnei—(Linne’s Cicada)
*Neotibicen winnemanna—(Eastern Scissor Grinder)
*Neotibicen robinsonianus—(Robinson’s Cicada)
Neotibicen lyricen—(Lyric Cicada)
Neotibicen tibicen—(Swamp Cicada)
Neotibicen canicularis—(Dog-day Cicada)
The smallest of our annual cicadas, the Dog-day Cicada (Neotibicen canicularis) has a slight but obvious bend at the midpoint on the leading edge of the wings and a green pronotal collar between the thorax and the pronotum located just behind the head. Though variable, this species is usually green and black. A brown color morph occurs in the Mid-Atlantic region, particularly in pine barrens. In the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed, N. canicularis is most common in the mountainous terrain of the Ridge and Valley Province, often in forests containing at least some conifers, particularly short-needle pines including Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana) and Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida). Emerging a bit later in the season than other annual species, final-instar nymphs seldom climb from the soil to molt into adults before August. The Dog-day Cicada’s song, which is only about 10 to 15 seconds in duration, is a steady, high-pitched buzz reminiscent of the sound made by a circular saw cutting wood in a distant planning mill. It has also been described as a sound similar to that made by an angle-grinder power tool. (Image by ScaldingHotSoup, under license: CC BY-SA 3.0)
Neotibicen linnei—(Linne’s Cicada)
Like the Dog-day Cicada, Linne’s Cicada (Neotibicen linne) has a gentle bend at the midpoint on the leading edge of the wings as well as a green pronotal collar, but is usually larger. Differentiate the two species by their songs. Linne’s Cicada begins with a soft buzz followed by a salt shaker-like series of pulsating notes, then ends as another soft buzz. Its duration is about 15 seconds and it can be heard throughout the day. Listen for the Linne’s Cicada in deciduous woods and suburbia where its abundance can sometimes rival that of the widespread Swamp Cicada during morning choruses in late August. Our first and second sound clips are solo performances of singing male Linne’s Cicadas. The third sound clip includes a chorus of several male Linne’s Cicadas and the high-pitched buzz of one or more Dog-day Cicadas filling the gaps at 00:33, 01:02, and 01:17. (Image by Bruce Marlin, under license: CC BY-SA 4.0)
Neotibicen winnemanna—(Eastern Scissor Grinder)
In the lower Susquehanna valley, the Eastern Scissor Grinder(Neotibicen winnemanna) is most common in the woods, parks, and suburbs of the Piedmont Province. Either by chance or necessity, conifers are frequently present in favored habitats. In these Piedmont populations, the leading edge of each wing shows a slight-but-noticeable angle at its midpoint, a trait shared with the two preceding “green Neotibicen species”: Dog-day Cicada and Linne’s Cicada. Using morphological traits alone, Eastern Scissor Grinders and Linne’s Cicadas are often inseparable and hybridization may be frequent between the two.The Eastern Scissor Grinder is another of our species of annual cicadas with a green pronotal collar between the head and thorax.Three male (left) and two female (right) cicadas, the four to the right suspected to be Eastern Scissor Grinders. The all-dark dorsal surface on the abdomen of the specimen to the far left appears to lack any brown-gold flecking, particularly on the anterior two segments, indicating this may be a Linne’s Cicada. However, the bow on the costal margin (leading edge of the wing) is less pronounced than it should be. Unfortunately, the morphological characteristics of the “green Neotibicen species” often blur species identification instead of cinching it.A dorsal view of the same cicadas, 3 males (left) and 2 females (right). Note the dark median line on the white abdomens.A head-on view of the same five cicadas showing the variation among individuals.In an effort to attract receptive females with which he can mate, the male Eastern Scissor Grinder begins singing during the late morning, often persisting throughout the afternoon until near nightfall. The song is a slow pulsating drone, building in volume, then usually ending with an extended slur note. The sound clip is a solo male’s courtship efforts.Eastern Scissor Grinders gather in their greatest densities and their choruses reach peak volume and intensity during the last light of warm, late-summer evenings. To extend their day and prolong courtship, they seem to be particularly fond of areas illuminated by sodium vapor and other man-made light sources. Some populations in the lower Susquehanna’s Piedmont and Great Valley have become linearly concentrated along moderately lit streets where suitable trees provide habitat for singing, mating, and egg-laying, but those trees don’t necessarily need to be large or densely distributed. We found these exuviae and the teneral cicadas in the next two photos, each suspected to be an Eastern Scissor Grinder, on a street lamp pole in a thirty-year-old residential neighborhood. Nearby, woody vegetation was limited to scattered ornamental deciduous trees and some hedgerows of decorative evergreens (various arborvitae hybrids and cultivars), the latter possibly serving as host plants for xylem-feeding nymphs. Several years ago, when the parents of these newly emerged cicadas had their twilight rendezvous, the street light seems to have been as much of an attraction as the trees. This sound clip is a post-sunset chorus of as many as a dozen or more male Eastern Scissor Grinders in a stand of nearby shade trees brightened by the sodium-vapor street lights in the vicinity.A teneral (soft-bodied) cicada suspected of being an Eastern Scissor Grinder soon after emergence from its exuvia. Blood pumping into the extremities unfurls the wings and expands the cicada’s overall size. Within hours, the wings and exoskeleton will harden and darken in color as this adult prepares for its first flight.A teneral cicada, probably an Eastern Scissor Grinder, hiding behind a sign tacked to a lamp pole along a sparsely vegetated suburban street. During the preceding night(s), it was one of at least six that emerged from the soil and shed its last nymphal exoskeleton in the orange glow of sodium light.
Neotibicen robinsonianus—(Robinson’s Cicada)
Robinson’s Cicada (Neotibicen robinsonianus) is found primarily in the southern United States west to Missouri, Kansas, and Texas. Distribution there is fragmented and spotty. In the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed, which may currently be the northern limit of its range, it is rare and localized. Robinson’s Cicadas are another of the “green Neotibicen species”, usually showing a green pronotal collar. They are, however, difficult to observe, spending most their time in the upper reaches of large oaks, hickories, and other hardwoods near water. The courtship song begins with an often inaudible buzz followed by an almost tedious series of raspy, buzzing pulses, each about a second in duration and separated from the next by a brief pause. The serenade can continue for several minutes or more without cessation. The first two sound clips, recorded in July, 2025, are of singing males among a population in the Conewago Creek (west) watershed at Gifford Pinchot State Park in northern York County, Pennsylvania. The third sound clip, recorded in August of 2025, is a male Robinson’s Cicada among a population found east of the Susquehanna in the Conewago Creek (east) watershed in Londonderry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. The fourth clip is of a chorus of two or more males at the latter location. Both of these populations were found singing in deciduous woodlands adjacent to extensive (>50 acres) Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) thickets on Gettysburg Formation sediments. (Image by AmaryllisGardener, under license: CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped for size.)
Neotibicen lyricen—(Lyric Cicada)
The Lyric Cicada (Neotibicen lyricen) has a curved leading edge on the wings with no significant bend. Though usually colored with a pattern of green, brown, and black, some populations or individuals may have an all-dark, Darth Vader-like appearance. Regardless of color variation, nearly all N. lyricen have a black pronotal collar between the pronotum and thorax. From below, the dark median line on the white abdomen is another helpful field mark. The Lyric Cicada occurs in deciduous forests, farm woods, parks, and residential neighborhoods. This species’ song is a buzzy, rattling trill with no pulsations. Its duration usually ranges from 30 to 60 seconds, sometimes longer. Lyric Cicadas sing throughout the day, but can be especially active with the approach of dusk. (Image by Robert Webster/xpda, under license: CC BY-SA 4.0)
Neotibicen tibicen—(Swamp Cicada)
Neotibicen tibicen, the Swamp Cicada, is often the easiest of the annual cicadas to observe. They often spend their time in the lower branches of trees or among shrubs and other stout vegetation. Beginning in early July, adult Swamp Cicadas are common and widespread along woodland edges, in thickets, and in suburbia throughout the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed.The Swamp Cicada can be recognized by the gently curved leading edge of the wings and mostly dark appearance, usually including a black pronotal collar, but a greenish pronotum between it and the head.The underside of the Swamp Cicada’s abdomen appears all white, a trait that helps differentiate it from our only other species regularly showing a black pronotal collar, the Lyric Cicada, which has a dark median line on the venter.A Swamp Cicada, Neotibicen tibicen, alights upon a singing perch.The Swamp Cicada does the majority of its singing before midday, becoming more difficult to detect than the other species during hot afternoons. Hence, another common name for N. tibicen is “Morning Cicada”. The song, about 15 seconds in duration, begins as a soft buzz, then builds in volume to a pulsating drone before tapering off and abruptly ending. Our first sound clip is the song of a single male Swamp Cicada followed by a chorus of an unknown number of males in the second clip.A mating pair of Swamp Cicadas after falling from a tree amid the throes of passion.
“Periodical Cicadas”
Species with typical life cycles of either 13 or 17 years duration.
Within a given geographic range, nearly all adult emergence is synchronized to occur in unison with other members of the same brood at either a 13 or 17 year interval.
Adult emergence occurs as the ground temperature reaches approximately 64 degrees Fahrenheit at about 6 to 10 inches depth, usually beginning anytime from late April to early June.
A periodical cicada nymph excavates its way toward the ground’s surface from its feeding area among the tree roots where it spent its last seventeen years. During this prolonged period, it continuously consumed xylem sap, but at rates insignificant to the vitality of its host tree(s). Within about a month, it joined the Brood X emergence of 2021 to transform into a flying adult, mate, and soon thereafter die.Late April, 2021- Beneath the Chestnut Oak where they had been feeding for the preceding seventeen years, at least one dozen Brood X Periodical Cicada nymphs have tunneled into this pre-emergence position under a sun-warmed rock.A periodical cicada nymph reaching maturity. Note the wings and red eyes. Within weeks it will join billions of others in a brief adult emergence to fly, mate, and then die.A freshly molted “Cassin’s Periodical Cicada” (Magicicada cassini).About a week after emerging from their exuviae, adult male cicadas reach full maturity and flex their drum-like organs called tymbals (located just posterior of the wing roots) to generate the sounds that will attract potential mates. Among periodical cicadas, choruses of these songs can include thousands of males joining in unison to achieve volumes that carry for a quarter of a mile or more. Having attracted a receptive female, this male “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada” is copulating with its mate. It is the climax event for the long lives that will come to an end within less than a month.Map showing the range and emergence years for each of the three broods of 13-year and twelve broods of 17-year Periodical Cicadas. Periodical cicadas occur only in the eastern half of North America. Click the image for a larger map. (United States Forest Service image)
The Brood XIX 13-year Periodical Cicadas M. tredecim, M. tredecassini, and M. tredecula occur as far north as Virginia with rare stragglers sometimes found in adjacent areas of southern Maryland, especially Charles County.
Each 13-year Periodical Cicada is classified in a species group with a 17-year Periodical Cicada. Cicadas in a species group share behavioral and morphological traits and are descended from a common ancestor in the same group.
Species group -decim
Species group -decim includes Magicicada tredecim and Magicicada neotredecim along with the 17-year Periodical Cicada Magicicada septendecim, the “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada”.
Species group -cassini
Species group -cassini includes Magicicada tredecassini along with the 17-year Periodical Cicada Magicicada cassini, “Cassini’s Periodical Cicada”.
Species group-decula
Species group -decula includes Magicicada tredecula along with the 17-year Periodical Cicada Magicicada septendecula, a species sometimes called “Little Seventeen-year Cicada”.
17-year Periodical Cicadas
3 Species
(All are found in the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed)
Magicicada septendecim, the “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada”, a species also known as “Linnaeus’ Seventeen-year Cicada” or, more colloquially, the “Seventeen-year Locust”, has an orange patch between the eye and the root of the wings.The underside of the “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada’s” abdomen has orange bands or stripes along the trailing edge of each segment. The width of the bands can vary, but is typically wider on males (left) than on females (right).The “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada” is the largest of the 17-year Periodical Cicadas.The tymbals are the ribbed, sound-producing membranes located on the upper abdomen just posterior to the root of the wings on male cicadas. A specialized set of muscles rapidly vibrate these membranes to generate each species’ distinctive songs and calls. Largely just an air chamber, the abdomen functions as a drum-like resonator to further enhance the volume and range of the sounds. As it is handled, this “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada” is issuing a loud “panic call”. The sudden outburst could possibly startle and disorient a would-be predator or other source of distress long enough for the cicada to escape.Soon after landing on a new perch, a male “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada” begins singing to attract the attention of any potential mates that may be located in the vicinity. As part of their courtship ritual, “Pharaoh Periodical Cicadas” sometimes make a purring or cooing sound, which is often extended to a “kee-ow”, then sometimes revved up further to “pha-raoh”.Gatherings of thousands of singing male “Pharaoh Periodical Cicadas” create a distinctive droning chorus.A copulating pair of “Pharaoh Periodical Cicadas”.After mating, a female “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada” uses her ovipositor to pierce the bark on a twig and deposit her eggs. Upon hatching in about six weeks, the larvae will fall to the ground and dig in for a seventeen-year stint as xylem-feeding subterranean nymphs.
Magicicada cassini—(“Cassin’s Periodical Cicada”)
The thorax of Magicicada cassini, “Cassin’s Periodical Cicada”, a species also known as the “Dwarf Periodical Cicada” or “Morris’ Seventeen-year Cicada”, is black between the eye and the wing insertion.In both the male (left) and female (right), the underside of the “Cassin’s Periodical Cicada’s” abdomen is all black without orange bands or stripes.The ribbed membranes on the upper abdomen behind the origin of the wings are known as tymbals. The tymbals are rapidly vibrated by a specialized set of muscles to produce the male “Cassin’s Periodical Cicada’s” various calls and courtship songs. The specimen seen here is generating its “panic call”, a sound that may startle a would-be predator and allow the cicada to escape.Male “Cassin’s Periodical Cicadas” generate a set of buzzy phrases, each falling in pitch before ending (first sound clip). The refrain may or may not include a series of rapid ticking notes (second sound clip). Occasionally, the song will include a set of pulsating notes (third sound clip) similar to those of the next species, Magicicada septendecula, the “Little Seventeen-year Cicada”.To make certain that receptive female “Cassin’s Periodical Cicadas” hear their serenade and wander their way, males will gather in large concentrations and attempt to synchronize their songs into a loud, oscillating chorus. Its surging volume will usually penetrate the drone of the more common Pharaoh Periodical Cicadas in the vicinity and get the word out that the boys are back in town.A mating pair of “Cassin’s Periodical Cicadas” found beneath the deciduous canopy from which the roaring chorus heard in the preceding sound clip was emitting.After mating, the female “Cassin’s Periodical Cicada” deposits her eggs into a slit she has made in a twig. The larvae will hatch within about six weeks and drop to the soil to begin their secretive seventeen-year subterranean stage as nymphs feeding on xylem from tree roots.
The thorax of Magicicada septendecula, a species informally known as the “Little Seventeen-year Cicada”, is all black between the eye and the insertion of the wings. The “Little Seventeen-year Cicada” is the rarest of the three 17-year species.The underside of the abdomen on male (left) and female (right) “Little Seventeen-year Cicadas” is marked with narrow orange bands on each segment. To penetrate the choruses of the other two species of 17-year cicadas, both of which are far more common and widespread in range than M septendecula, males generate a raspy, pulsating song reminiscent of a spritzing lawn sprinkler.
Brood X Periodical Cicadas in the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed
Map showing flights dates of adult periodical cicadas in the lower Susquehanna valley and surrounding regions. Upcoming events include the emergences of Broods XIV (2025), II (2030), and X (2038). (United States Forest Service base image)
The following content is a copy of the susquehannawildlife.net post from June 3, 2021, describing the emergence of Brood X Periodical Cicadas in the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed. It includes a description of each of the three species found in flights of the 17-year broods.
Identification of the Three Species of Brood X Periodical Cicadas
The emergence of Brood X Periodical Cicadas is now in full swing. If you visit a forested area, you may hear the distant drone of very large concentrations of one or more of the three species that make up the Brood X event. The increasing volume of a chorus tends to attract exponentially greater numbers of male cicadas from within an expanding radius, causing a swarm to grow larger and louder—attracting more and more females to the breeding site.
Holes in the ground where emerging Brood X Periodical Cicadas have come to the surface.Having ascended the trunk of this Eastern White Pine after emerging from the soil, massive numbers of periodical cicadas have left behind hundreds of opaque exuviae. The exuvia is the exoskeletal remains of the cicada’s final molt from a nymph into a flying adult.A freshly molted Magicicada cassini periodical cicada.
Each periodical cicada species has a distinctive song. This song concentrates males of the same species at breeding sites—then draws in an abundance of females of the same species to complete the mating process. Large gatherings of periodical cicadas can include all three species, but a close look at swarms on State Game Lands 145 in Lebanon County and State Game Lands 46 (Middle Creek Wildlife Management Area) in Lancaster County during recent days found marked separation by two of the three. Most swarms were dominated by Magicicada septendecim, the largest, most widespread, and most common species. However, nearly mono-specific swarms of M. cassini, the second most numerous species, were found as well. An exceptionally large one was northwest of the village of Colebrook on State Game Lands 145. It was isolated by a tenth of a mile or more from numerous large gatherings of M. septendecim cicadas in the vicinity. These M. cassini cicadas, with a chorus so loud that it outdistanced the songs made by the nearby swarms of M. septendecim, seized the opportunity to separate both audibly and physically from the more dominant species, thus providing better likelihood of maximizing their breeding success.
Some of the tens of thousands of M. cassini periodical cicadas in a concentration on State Game Lands 145 northwest of Colebrook in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. This swarm occupied deciduous and evergreen trees on several acres of a south-facing hillside. To provide protection from predators and assure the chance of finding a mate “in the crowd”, lesser numbers of this and the rarer species, Magicicada septendecula, would need to merge into the swarms of the abundant M. septendecim periodical cicadas to breed.
The process of identifying periodical cicadas is best begun by listening to their choruses, songs, and calls. After all, the sounds of cicadas will lead one to the locations where they are most abundant. The two most common species, M. septendecim and M. cassini, produce a buzzy chorus that, when consisting of hundreds or thousands of cicadas “singing” in unison, creates a droning wail that can carry for a quarter of a mile or more. It’s a surreal humming sound that may remind one of a space ship from a science fiction film.
Listen to the songs of individual cicadas at close range and you’ll hear a difference between the widespread M. septendecim “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada” and the other two species. M. septendecim‘s song is often characterized as a drawn out version of the word “Pharaoh”, hence one of the species’ common names (another is “Seventeen-year Locust”). As part of their courtship ritual, “Pharaoh Periodical Cicadas” sometimes make a purring or cooing sound, which is often extended to sound like kee-ow, then sometimes revved up further to pha-raoh. M. cassini, often known as “Cassin’s Periodical Cicada” or “Dwarf Periodical Cicada”, and the least common species, M. septendecula, often make scratchy clicking or rattling calls as a lead-in to their song. Most observers will find little difficulty locating the widespread M. septendecim “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada” by sound, so listening for something different—the clicking call—is an easy way to zero in on the two less common species.
To penetrate the droning choruses of large numbers of “Pharaoh” and/or “Cassin’s Periodical Cicadas”, sparingly distributed M. septendecula cicadas have a noise-penetrating song consisting of a series of quick raspy notes with a staccato rhythm reminiscent of a pulsating lawn sprinkler. It can often be differentiated by a listener even in the presence of a roaring chorus of one or both of the commoner species. However, a word of caution is due. To call in others of their kind, “Cassin’s Periodical Cicadas” can produce a courtship song similar to that of M. septendecula so that they too can penetrate the choruses of the enormous numbers of “Pharaoh Periodical Cicadas” that concentrate in many areas. To play it safe, it’s best to have a good look at the cicadas you’re trying to identify.
M. cassini Periodical Cicadas “singing” from a treetop at Colebrook, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. Clicking phrases are sure sign of the presence of this species and/or M. septendecula, the least likely of the three species to be encountered. When in close proximity to a swarm, a listener will often notice the rising and falling volume of a chorus in a cycle that repeats every few seconds, an effect caused by cicadas attempting to synchronize their songs in a harmony with others in the group. When courtship and mating is complete, female periodical cicadas will begin laying eggs in slits made in fresh new growth at the ends of branches on deciduous trees like the one seen here.
Visually identifying Brood X Periodical Cicadas to the species level is best done by looking for two key field marks—first, the presence or absence of orange between the eye and the root of the wings, and second, the presence or absence of orange bands on the underside of the abdomen. Seeing these field marks clearly requires in-hand examination of the cicada in question.
Observing a perched Brood X Periodical Cicada can sometimes provide a view of the key field marks needed for identification of the species. On the M. septendecim “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada” seen here, the orange patch between the eye and wing root and the orange bands on the underside of the abdomen are visible.The abdomen of this perched M. cassini “Cassin’s Periodical Cicada” appears, when viewed through the wings, to have orange bands. But, examination in hand would show an all-black abdomen with glossy surfaces shining in the sunlight. For accuracy, the up-close-and-personal look is necessary.In the hand, cicadas can be better studied for key field marks. M. septendecim (top) is larger than M. cassini (bottom) and M. septendecula, but the difference is not always apparent, particularly when a direct comparison cannot be made.
To reliably separate Brood X Periodical Cicadas by species, it is necessary to get a closeup view of the section of the thorax between the eye and the root (insertion) of the wings, plus a look at the underside of the abdomen. Here’s what you’ll see…
M. septendecim has an orange patch between the eye and the root of the wings.The underside of M. septendecim’s abdomen has orange bands or stripes along the trailing edge of each segment. The width of the bands can vary, but is typically wider on males (left) than on females (right).
Magicicada cassini—“Cassin’s Periodical Cicada”
The thorax of M. cassini is black between the eye and the wing insertion.In both the male (left) and female (right), the underside of M. cassini’s abdomen is all black without orange bands or stripes.
Magicicada septendecula
M. septendecula’s thorax is black between the eye and root of the wings.The underside of M. septendecula’s abdomen has narrow orange bands or stripes along the trailing edge of each segment. The width of the bands can differ. Those of this male (left) are minimal and the bands on this female (right) are near the maximum for the species.
There you have it. Get out and take a closer look at the Brood X Periodical Cicadas near you.
The abundant and widespread “Pharaoh Periodical Cicada” (M. septendecim).Accumulating remains of M. cassini “Cassin’s Periodical Cicadas” beneath an Eastern White Pine at the site of the Colebrook State Game Lands swarm.
